tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86215517138500270672024-03-19T10:48:21.609+00:00AS/A2 EconomicsUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger219125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-37008939380238931752017-05-14T10:32:00.000+01:002017-05-14T10:32:00.211+01:00Revision Notes<h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Economics A-Level Revision Notes</strong></h3>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 26px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 23px 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Economics-AS-Level-Notes.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Microeconomics</a> & <a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Economics-AS-Level-Notes-Macroeconomics-Finished.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Macroeconomics</a> revision notes</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unit-1-Markets-In-Action.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Markets In Action</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/competitive-markets-unit-1-1-.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Competitive Markets</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/F583-2-Theories-of-Market-Structure-and-Competitive-Behaviour-in-Markets-for-Leisure-1.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Theories of Market Structure and Competitive Behaviour in Markets</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/F583-3-Labour-Demand-Supply-and-Wage-Determination.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Labour Demand, Supply, and Wage Determination</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/F583-4-Market-Failure-and-the-Role-of-the-Government-and-Unions-in-the-Labour-Market.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Market Failure and the Role of the Government and Unions in the Labour Market</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://studywise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unit-2-economics-proper-1.pdf" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Macroeconomics</a> - revision notes by Judah Chandra</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/63tmfqty2syk5dv/AABURfjfg29o-rNufXLjVM-5a?dl=0" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Model Essays and more</a> by Kevin Longe </li>
</ul>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Best Revision Websites</strong></h4>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/economics-topic-study-notes" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Study notes</a> for <a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/as-microeconomics-study-notes-topic-listing" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">AS Micro</a>, <a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/as-macroeconomics-study-notes-topic-listing" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">AS Macro</a>, <a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/a2-economics-business-economics-micro-study-notes-topic-listing" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A2 Micro</a>, <a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/a2-economics-macroeconomics-study-notes-topic-listing" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A2 Macro</a>, <a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/a2-ib-economics-development-economics-study-notes-topic-listing" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A2 Development Econ</a> from tutor2u.net</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Various resources</a> from tutor2u.net</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.physicsandmathstutor.com/economics-revision/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Notes, summary sheets and more</a> from physicsandmathstutor.com</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/economics" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Various resources</a> from s-cool.co.uk</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.google.co.uk/#safe=off&q=a+level+economics+revision" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">‘A level economics revision’</a> Google search</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Discussion Forums</strong></h4>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/forumdisplay.php?f=887" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Economics exams</a> tsr forums</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/content.php?r=3462-a-level-economics" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-level Economics</a> tsr forums and resources</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Exam Specification(s)</strong></h4>
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Select your exam board to find your exam specification.</div>
<h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Past Papers and Solutions</strong></h4>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.physicsandmathstutor.com/past-papers/a-level-economics/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Papers and mark schemes</a> from physicsandmathstutor.com</li>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Revision Books and Guides</strong></h3>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://amzn.to/2aH7YZP" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Amazon’s</a> A level Economics Range</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.cgpbooks.co.uk/Student/books_a_level_economics" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #e62c29; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CGP’s</a> A level Economics Range</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-77184910380688630622011-11-05T12:27:00.000+00:002011-11-05T12:28:10.572+00:00Download this<a href="http://www.neweconomics.org/sites/neweconomics.org/files/Great_Transition_0.pdf">http://www.neweconomics.org/sites/neweconomics.org/files/Great_Transition_0.pdf</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-61355191290614248302011-11-05T12:24:00.000+00:002011-11-05T12:25:05.488+00:00Debt problem<iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CrKV6bfqOck" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-55500026320664616912011-10-18T00:04:00.002+01:002011-10-18T00:08:23.677+01:00Collapse<iframe width="450" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/NOzR3UAyXao" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/m_atOvrTtT8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/T4rXx-xXeG8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="450" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ndoJHxX3cKA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/x88NioV8SGw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="450" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/mEVqeaFHsHE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/D71aiYq7jeM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/cziN3gt-hic" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-34244868687119182792011-10-14T00:53:00.000+01:002011-10-14T00:54:08.351+01:00Youtube politics<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; "><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XzMWL1Cgk4" title="The F4J funpowder plot" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">The F4J funpowder plot</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KHMO14KuJk" title="Paxo interviews Howard" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Paxo interviews Howard</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVrtMojEjs0" title="Blair meets Gaddafi in Libya" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Blair meets Gaddafi in Libya</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVvWE6V9ulE" title="1997 election: Portillo moment" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">1997 election: Portillo moment</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRj2K0ulD8Q" title="1990 poll tax riots" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">1990 poll tax riots</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmudJafnQh0" title="Student riots" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Student riots</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bldWwrgS_E" title="Blair's 1997 victory speech" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Blair’s 1997 victory speech</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1NIuCt72bU" title="George Galloway as a cat on BB" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">George Galloway as a cat on BB</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPCTBXse80c" title="Blair makes the case for war" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Blair makes the case for war</a></p><p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3Bd_LysMiM" title="Blair's response to 9/11" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Blair’s response to 9/11</a></p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-8226588266597079852011-10-04T18:56:00.001+01:002011-10-04T18:56:19.267+01:00Make sure you watch these<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; "><p>Key UK economic history events via YouTube:</p><p>1973 – <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCLRlVxOH-Q" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Oil price crisis </a><br />1976 – <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuyCRsxlFOc" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">UK IMF bailout:</a> <br />1979 – <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1LTlTy6AtA" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">oil price crisis 2</a>: ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwzyvkc1tb4<br />1979: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vUDrUYTsHQ" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Thatcher comes to power</a>: <br />1979: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KD826-_x-z0" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Monetarism: </a><br />1980: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7Qq01tC0lU&feature=related" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Privatisation:</a> <br />1984: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq8m0syu2N4&feature=related" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Miners strike:</a><br /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je65Vw7ndro" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Dustmen strike:</a> <br />1992: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHDsO7gvXHQ" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">UK leaves ERM</a>: <br />2001: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je65Vw7ndro" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Dot.com burst</a>: (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUwu5CiESbc" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">year-before-the-bubble-burst</a>: )<br />2007: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPlryASWGMI" style="color: rgb(21, 73, 178); text-decoration: underline; background: inherit; background: inherit; ">Credit crisis begins</a>:</p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-11417737092374305812011-10-04T00:43:00.001+01:002011-10-04T00:43:51.102+01:00An ex-student from Oxford School of Learning<iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/p5WMS-zj0Dg" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-86112436947457439252011-10-03T22:17:00.002+01:002011-10-03T22:29:42.998+01:00Old Youtube Videos<iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/JA0qQZfbDak" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/0WkA8mhjuBs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/lq2Mx9uFXO8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/3ecEyrN6vCQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/1aXuQ9Dg2gE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-56172779783937492952011-09-30T02:23:00.001+01:002011-09-30T02:24:55.854+01:00Do you drink bottled water?Toxic mixture disguised as a healthy choice<br /><br />The makers of the film <a href="http://vimeo.com/25473955">Tapped </a>expose the global bottled water industry as one of the biggest health cons of our time. Aside from the fact that we are all paying good money for something that is free, we are also damaging our health and contributing to the demise of the environment in the process!<br /><br />In most cases, bottled water is packaged in plastic. The fact is that these plastic containers harbour a toxic chemical called Bisphenol A or BPA (a synthetic oestrogen), used to harden plastics. BPA is one of the world's most widely manufactured chemicals, with more than 2.2 million tons made each year.<br /><br />Studies have shown that BPA increases sperm DNA damage in men and can also cause structural damage to the brain. It also increases fat formation and the risk of obesity, compromises your immunity, stimulates prostate cancer cell growth and causes hyperactivity.<br /><br />Here's the real kicker: If you live in Europe or the US, it is highly likely that you have BPA in your system, since 90 per cent of Europeans and Americans have detectable amounts.<br /><br />So far, Denmark is the first EU country to ban the BPA in food and drink containers for children under three, and Canada and three US states have already brought similar bans in to effect. Unfortunately, in the UK, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) insists that there is no evidence BPA is harmful...<br /><br />Another member of the 'toxic plastic gang' that's lurking around in your water bottle is dioxin. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed dioxin as a human carcinogen which may contribute to the development of breast cancer and is highly poisonous to the cells of our bodies.<br /><br />In a John Hopkins Hospital information leaflet, 'Cancer News from John Hopkins' they warn people not to freeze plastic bottles with water in them as this releases dioxins from the plastic. The same applies for heating these water bottles. Leaving your water bottle on a car seat in the sun, can heat the plastic significantly enough to release dioxin into the water and ultimately into the cells of your body when you ingest it.<br /><br />But that's not all, in the US, many bottled waters are simply bottled tap water, which may or may not have received any additional treatment. So you get a hit of fluoride along with BPA's and dioxins! Pepsi's Aquafina and Coca-Cola Co.'s Dasani bottled waters are both made of 'purified' water from public reservoirs, containing contaminants like disinfection by-products (DBPs), nitrate, industrial chemicals, arsenic and bacteria.<br /><br />Now that's hardly a healthy beverage from a sustainable natural source!<br /><br />High price for no benefits at all<br /><br />Then there's the price! You pay on average £1 to £1.60 for a 340ml bottle of water, in the UK. However, when you turn on the tap, the water is free!<br /><br />When you factor in the harmful chemicals in plastic bottles, the environmental impact of plastic waste and the pollution caused by plastic manufacturing plants, bottled water becomes a losing proposition no matter how you look at it.<br /><br />In fact, the environmental harm bottled water causes alone should be a deciding factor. The bottled water industry threatens the water supplies of local communities by mining water from underground aquifers and natural springs. These natural sources of water serve nearby streams, wells and farms, but aggressive 'water mining' can easily dry them out... and once water is gone, life ends!<br /><br />Is all of this really worth £1?<br /><br />Filtering is better<br /><br />Even though tap water is much more regulated than bottled water, it's still contaminated with fluoride (a toxic chemical that causes dental decay among other things) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) that also harm our health. But there is a way around this...<br /><br />The best solution (for your health, the environment and the sustainability of our planet) is to install a home water filtration system. It may seem like an extravagant expense but if you consider how much you spend on bottled water, you'll realise that in the long run you'll be saving a lot of money whilst protecting your health and the environment.<br /><br />Look for a home water filtration system that has three separate stages of contamination removal:<br /><br />* Stage one removes sediment.<br />* Stage two removes chlorine and heavy metals.<br />* Stage three should be a heavy-duty carbon filter for removing hormones, drug residues, chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-46999681216375407402011-09-30T01:31:00.002+01:002011-09-30T01:49:41.548+01:00Here is the news...again.<object width="450" height="360"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CSW6U0Xs7vU&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CSW6U0Xs7vU&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="450" height="360"></embed></object><br /><br />and<br /><br /><object width="450" height="360"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/u8lhtknnuSU&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/u8lhtknnuSU&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="450" height="360"></embed></object><br /><br />and<br /><br /><br /><object width="450" height="360"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CxH6BnCiCsQ&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CxH6BnCiCsQ&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="450" height="360"></embed></object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-24307968740127346382011-09-13T08:07:00.002+01:002011-09-13T08:08:49.013+01:00Double-dip?<div style="width:400px" id="__ss_9218806"> <strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/tutor2u/risks-of-a-double-dip-recession" title="Risks of a Double Dip Recession" target="_blank">Risks of a Double Dip Recession</a></strong> <iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/9218806" width="400" height="355" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> <div style="padding:5px 0 12px"> </div> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-75068591031664473272011-09-10T04:10:00.001+01:002011-09-10T04:12:56.775+01:00Does the Rise of New Economic Powers Signal the Decline of the West?<iframe width="450" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ZeX0jfvJvMM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><div><br /></div><div>The <a href="http://fsi.stanford.edu/news/robert_hormats_discusses_the_rise_of_the_new_economic_powers_20100318">rise of new economic powers</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Two more articles....</b></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.issa.int/News-Events/News2/The-emergence-of-new-economic-powers-What-values-for-social-security-policies">article 1</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://ndn.org/essay/2010/04/rise-rest-how-new-economic-powers-are-reshaping-globe">article 2</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-57113621066134151142011-09-09T11:57:00.001+01:002011-09-09T12:03:47.051+01:00Globalisation - exploitation?<object width="450" height="374"><br /><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"></param><br /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><br /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><br /><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param><br /><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"></param><br /><param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2010G/Blank/AuretvanHeerden_2010G-320k.mp4&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/Auretvan_Heerden-2010G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=512&vh=288&ap=0&ti=1005&lang=&introDuration=15330&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=830&adKeys=talk=auret_van_heerden_making_global_labor_fair;year=2010;theme=not_business_as_usual;theme=a_taste_of_tedglobal_2010;theme=rethinking_poverty;event=TEDGlobal+2010;tag=Business;tag=Global+Issues;tag=human+origins;tag=law;tag=work;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;" /><br /><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgColor="#ffffff" width="450" height="374" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2010G/Blank/AuretvanHeerden_2010G-320k.mp4&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/Auretvan_Heerden-2010G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=512&vh=288&ap=0&ti=1005&lang=&introDuration=15330&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=830&adKeys=talk=auret_van_heerden_making_global_labor_fair;year=2010;theme=not_business_as_usual;theme=a_taste_of_tedglobal_2010;theme=rethinking_poverty;event=TEDGlobal+2010;tag=Business;tag=Global+Issues;tag=human+origins;tag=law;tag=work;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"></embed><br /></object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-31696520743246454092011-09-09T11:51:00.002+01:002011-09-09T11:57:14.438+01:00Globalisation<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Analysing the 4 core elements of globalisation: economic, politial, cultural, technological</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">1. </strong><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Economic</strong></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Pros:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- global trade and FDI improve job opportunities, productivity and living standards in developing countries</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- better division of labour and the right conditions for companies to exploit greater economies of scale</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- expansion of MNCs creates job opportunities in the poor countries</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- More competition leads to innovation and better product focus</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Countries can exploit their comparative advantage (eg. China exports to Europe but in return seeks infrastructure and engineering developed European countries).</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Cons:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Open market is subject to deregulation or lack of regulation</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Quick wealth in developing countries leads to social inequality (a fast growing gap between the rich and the poor)</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- More competition: local businesses can go down not able to compete with MNCs by price or product</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Increased competition from low-wage countries may impact jobs in richer nations: eg. factories and R&D relocating from Europe to Asia (unless governments identify new areas of comparative advantage and create new job opportunities)</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- as above: there may be a “race to the bottom” as countries compete by reducing wages, taxes, welfare and environmental controls</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Pressure to compete may damage the ability of local governments to set their own economic policies</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- increased risk of financial market instability</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">2. </strong><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Political</strong></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Pros:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- freedom of speech, more transparency in politics (= “global civil society”)</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- pressure on local governments from world organisations > improved human rights (eg. the rise of trade unions in China or issues on women’s rights in the Middle East)</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Cons:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- too much pressure on local governments from world organisations or superpowers</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- potential of undermined national sovereignty and the ability of states to determine their own affairs</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">3. </strong><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Cultural</strong></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Pros:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Global and ‘real-time’ outreach of culture > global culture</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Improved understanding and respect of different cultures</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Cons:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Loss of ethnic and minority cultures</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">4. </strong><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Technological</strong></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Pros:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Wider and quicker spread of innovation</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Global telecommunications and transport links</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- ‘Real-time’ news</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Ease of travel: better understanding and respect for other cultures</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Cons:</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- IP rights protection</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">- Subjective media coverage: contributes to cultural gaps and misunderstanding (eg. the perception on Islamic terrorism and the UK and the US)</p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2043396,00.html">Here's an interesting article...</a></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "></p><div class="concept" style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><h3 class="nolink" style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-size: 1em; color: rgb(0, 43, 95); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; display: inline; "><span class="nolink" style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Globalization</span></h3>:</div><a href="http://www.lse.ac.uk/resources/podcasts/publicLecturesAndEvents.htm" style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 45, 98); ">http://www.lse.ac.uk/resources/podcasts/publicLecturesAndEvents.htm</a><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Here you can find recent podcasts, all available to download in MP3 format. Topics include:</strong></p><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">The Globalisation Paradox – Why Global Markets, States, and Democracy Can't Coexist</strong> </li><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">The Unfinished Global Revolution</strong> </li><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">The Globalisation of the Business of English law</strong> </li><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Grasshoppers, Ants and Locusts: the future of the world economy</strong> </li><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">The Emerging Powers, the EU and Global Governance</strong> </li><li style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; "><strong style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); ">Changes in Labour Market Inequality</strong></li><p></p><p style="border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); "><br /></p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-71629544956320442872011-09-09T03:52:00.002+01:002011-09-09T03:52:57.523+01:00Five questions with the Professor<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><span>1.<span> </span></span></b><b><span>You guided Poland into the market economy after decades of Communist rule. There was sometimes tremendous popular and political resistance to your efforts. How would you advise the Greek government to navigate their own popular and political firestorm right now as they try to move ahead?</span></b><b> </b></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Balcerowicz: </b><span>I think the Polish economic situation in the second half of 1989 was much more difficult than that of Greece during the last year and the present, but Poland’s political situation was much better than the present political situation in Greece. Why? Because the ruling Greek politicians--the leaders of PASOK (Greek Socialist Party)--contributed to the present crisis. The same goes to some extent for the opposition party (New Democracy). </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>As the first non-Communist government in Poland, we were the newcomers. So, it was much easier for the policymakers in Poland to present and conduct the necessary radical reforms than it is for the present governing politicians in Greece, because as I said, they have through the previous policies, contributed to the present mess. And also, one should remember that PASOK in 2009, before the elections, campaigned by promising even more of debt-financed social spending. So, that is the difference. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>Now, what should they do from the political point of view? Of course, I am not an expert on Greece's politics, but I would say they should honestly explain the economic situation in Greece, including why they have had to make such a reversal.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>Secondly, they should not blame external institutions, like the IMF or the European Commission, for reforms required in Greece. In other words, they should assume ownership of the program. This was the case in Poland. We never blamed external forces for reforms. We said, "This is Poland's strategy," which was true, “and the IMF and foreign banks are our partners, in transition.” </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>I can’t and don't know whether this political strategy could work in Greece, but if it fails, then what would be the alternatives? First, elections, like in Portugal. They had elections, and there's a new government, which promises more reforms. Or there could be a technical government or caretaker government as was the case some years ago in Turkey, when Karamanlis was a very important reformer. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><span>2.<span> </span></span></b><b><span>There is a fierce debate over whether Greece needs to set itself straight immediately, or if time, matched with some credible action, might prove to be a better healer. As the architect of “shock therapy,” would you recommend swift action for Greece, or can they muddle through?</span></b> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Balcerowicz:</b><span> I think the most important problem is how to release and strengthen the growth forces in Greece. Paradoxically, they have ample opportunities for strengthening their economic growth because they have a very distorted economic system. So there's ample room for reforms which would improve the fiscal situation. They should focus on reducing spending on those parts of the budget that are harmful to economic growth. This includes pensions; and they have increased the retirement age, which is a very important fiscal reform that is at the same time a supply side reform because it tends to increase official employment. They also have a lot of room for reforms which would remove the distortions from the supply side and increase competition. So, from purely the economic point of view, Greece is not a hopeless case. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>The question is not so much economics, but political economy. One should look at the various proposals and ask “to what extent do they shape the incentives for the politicians in Greece to reform?” That's a very important consideration. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>Having said that, I would also like to add that it's very difficult to find examples of countries with 160 percent public debt to GDP ratio that grow in the long run without some debt reduction. And from this point of view, there's a sea of difference between Greece, on the one hand, and Portugal, Ireland, even Spain, and Italy. Greece is the worst case from the point of view of the present ratio of public debt to GDP. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>Now, in Greece's case, it seems so far that this strategy of delaying has been necessary and inevitable because we have been providing official credits through the IMF and European Union institutions. So official lending to Greece is expanding while private credit is decreasing, and most of Greece's debt is now due to the official lenders, like the IMF and European Union countries. And then the question is: if this continues, would debt reduction be ultimately required and obviously, what about the taxpayers in countries like Germany, Finland, Netherlands, and other countries who would have to pay this bill? </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >So, by postponing what appears to be necessary for the restructuring of the present debt, European Union institutions are only adding to their political problems, since they are increasing the probability that tax payers will have to bear the debt burden.<br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>I would say there are a growing number of people who acknowledge an inevitability of some debt reduction with respect to the present debt burden. And if this is the case, the issue is how to do it while minimizing the repercussions for the banking sector in Greece, and for the banking sector in other countries.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><span>3.<span> </span></span></b><b><span>What is your assessment of where they are with that right now in terms of the deal that's on the table that the French government has put together and that the private sector banks are working on? Is it your sense that the way the deal is currently structured will need to involve an element of private sector participation? And do you think that right now the proportion of private sector involvement is about the right size, or is it too small?</span></b> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Balcerowicz:</b><span>That's a crucial question. For the extent of the debt restructuring, it seems to be rather small. Second, what would be the interest rates required of Greece? I would like to say that in the Polish case, we launched a comprehensive program, which on the one hand included the radical reforms, which released economic growth in Poland, but on the other hand, included substantial debt reduction, which we obtained after intensive talks with our creditors. So, there are two parts, two pillars of Poland's growth, which worked.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>I think the private sector involvement is rather small, and again, if the interest rates are high, this would contribute to the further accumulation of debt without solving the issue of debt burden. In the Polish case, one form of the debt reduction was through very low interest rates. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><span>4.<span> </span></span></b><b><span>Making long-needed policy changes in a crisis is challenging, but often seems the only way to force action. How do you evaluate the way that Europe’s national governments and its institutions have handled the crisis so far? Will Europe come out of this having solved some of the underlying issues of the Euro i.e., with more integrated fiscal policy coordination?</span></b> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Balcerowicz:<span> </span></b><span>Well, I should distinguish between crisis management and measures which aim at preventing a future serious crisis. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>On crisis management, it's very difficult not to be critical, even considering the political complexity in the European Union. It's worth remembering that the magnitudes of fiscal problems in Greece were revealed in 2009, and it took a couple of months to recognize this at the European level and the first reactions were sort of forced by the circumstances. These were decisions taken to the European Union level in May 2010. As you might remember, there was a creation of a provisional sort of a bail-out fund, which offered credits to Greece plus the European Central Bank started to buy Greek bonds and the bonds of other distressed countries. And then there was a discussion going on about the participation of the private sector, which I think is right in principal, but relatively little was done on how to reduce and minimize the spillovers. Instead, I think, they were discussing the pros and cons of private sector involvement. And then we enter the present situation, when we've got attempts to involve the private sector, but I think to the extent which is not sufficient to reduce the excessive debt burden in Greece, without, it appears, a program which would sufficiently reduce the spillovers from a larger involvement of private creditors in the solution of Greece's debt burden. So, even recognizing the political complexity of the European Union, I don't think one can be very positive about its crisis management so far.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>And that was a fundamental problem, for example, if the European Union creates a sort of European monetary fund, because in principle the envisaged European stabilization mechanism would resemble the International Monetary Fund. What would be the competitive advantage of these institutions? How would they cooperate? What would be the cooperation between the IMF and the European Stabilization Mechanism? So, it's that sort of questions regarding the benefits of this Mechanism, which is meant to be a permanent one.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>With respect to measures proposed to reduce the risk of future crises, I think it’s largely a work in progress there's some questions. For example, almost everybody agrees that the Stability and Growth Pact was a paper tiger. It was hugely violated. Nobody cared about it, including Germany and France, and everybody agrees that it's necessary to sanction violations of it. This would involve automatic sanctions, but these automatic sanctions have not been enacted and that's politically difficult. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>So, there's doubt and there's some other proposals, for example, that some Eurozone countries plus some other countries, including Poland, have entered a sort of “Euro Plus.” They take obligations with respect to each other basically to conduct better economic policies, meaning policies which would reduce the risk of the crisis. But the question is: “What are the incentives?” In what respect does this differ from the Lisbon agenda, which was basically based on peer pressure. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span>So, it remains to be seen whether these new initiatives aiming at reducing the risk of future crisis will be effective. I don't want to sound unrealistic, and there's no good substitute for good policies at the national level. For that, you need a lot more pressures for reforms in the respective [troubled peripheral] countries, including Greece and others. So, in other words, one has to mobilize much more effective force for reforms in these countries--which should operate permanently--not just after the crisis. So, we need a lot more pro-market think tanks, I think, and pro-market media, or pro-reform media, pressing the government and trying to neutralize the impact of populist forces, which are present in every country, including the U.S. So, I think this is the ultimate solution, which is not a magic bullet, because it requires a lot of systematic work in every country.</span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><span><span>5.<span> </span></span></span></b><b><span>Do you think that Europe, and for that matter, the United States, given where they are right now, have the time on their hands to create some of those systematic reforms.</span></b> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Balcerowicz: </b><span>Of course. From an economic point of view, there are no hopeless cases. I remember Poland’s economic situation in 1989. It seemed hopeless to most people, but it turned out to be possible to first to propose a program, and then to implement this program. And there are some other examples of countries which are in deeper trouble, but work. </span> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 0px; "><span >And let me say at the end that from the point of view of the present public debt burden, there's a special case of Greece, which should not be compared with those of other countries, like Ireland and Portugal, Spain, or Italy. These countries have much more room for and time for reform but, they should not delay the necessary reforms, because they need to strengthen the confidence in the financial markets.</span> </p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-63821397817445347582011-09-09T03:33:00.001+01:002011-09-09T03:46:30.991+01:00Leszek Balcerowicz<iframe width="560" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/6J82t2g4zDQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="420" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ozxhrGU-P-U" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><object width="540" height="390"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/4nnBh645te4&rel=0&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/4nnBh645te4&rel=0&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="540" height="390"></embed></object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-57697821347479133762011-09-09T00:34:00.000+01:002011-09-09T00:35:16.951+01:00Longevity<object width="526" height="374"><br /><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"></param><br /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><br /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><br /><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param><br /><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"></param><br /><param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2009X/Blank/DanBuettner_2009X-320k.mp4&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/DanBuettner-2009X.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=512&vh=288&ap=0&ti=727&lang=eng&introDuration=15330&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=830&adKeys=talk=dan_buettner_how_to_live_to_be_100;year=2009;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=a_taste_of_tedx;theme=what_makes_us_happy;theme=might_you_live_a_great_deal_longer;event=TEDxTC;tag=Culture;tag=Science;tag=biology;tag=exploration;tag=food;tag=health;tag=life;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;" /><br /><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgColor="#ffffff" width="526" height="374" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talk/stream/2009X/Blank/DanBuettner_2009X-320k.mp4&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/DanBuettner-2009X.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=512&vh=288&ap=0&ti=727&lang=eng&introDuration=15330&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=830&adKeys=talk=dan_buettner_how_to_live_to_be_100;year=2009;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=a_taste_of_tedx;theme=what_makes_us_happy;theme=might_you_live_a_great_deal_longer;event=TEDxTC;tag=Culture;tag=Science;tag=biology;tag=exploration;tag=food;tag=health;tag=life;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"></embed><br /></object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-71759998096323931312011-05-21T22:37:00.001+01:002011-05-21T22:37:46.976+01:00Fallacy<iframe width="425" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Hrg1CArkuNc" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-84542552714136004282011-05-21T10:57:00.000+01:002011-05-21T10:58:11.227+01:00Superb<iframe width="425" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ev_Uph_TLLo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-25671789660007560572011-05-21T10:42:00.001+01:002011-05-21T10:42:59.801+01:00Economics podcasts<a href="http://www.learnoutloud.com/Podcast-Directory/Business/Economics#1">Here............</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-60054053077399133122011-05-18T00:05:00.004+01:002011-05-18T00:07:09.051+01:00Indigo, Jack, Tom - TuesdayWork through past papers..<a href="http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/type/gce/blt/economics/documents/index.html">.look at the questions </a>and then under timed conditions have a go at the longer ones....Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-23433720446499240172011-05-18T00:01:00.002+01:002011-08-05T10:38:27.781+01:00Indigo, Tom, Jack (P) - MondayWatch <a href="http://youtu.be/0MmOiDhYC-s">THIS...</a><div><br /></div><div>And <a href="http://youtu.be/JKRBpJZ92QM">THIS....</a></div><div><br /></div><div>And <a href="http://youtu.be/PTUY16CkS-k">THIS....</a></div><div><br /></div><div>(Again)</div><div><br /></div><div><iframe width="560" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/RemyT7upOMI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-89555809520941077522011-05-17T23:56:00.002+01:002011-05-18T00:01:39.957+01:00Indigo, Tom, Jack (P) SundayRead through <a href="http://kristianseconomics.blogspot.com/2009/10/causes-of-economic-growth.html">THIS....</a><br /><br /><div>Then read through<a href="http://kristianseconomics.blogspot.com/2010/01/key-mistakes-made-by-candidates-on-exam.html"> THIS....</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Then read through <a href="http://pepijnvaneck.blogspot.com/2009/09/chapter-4-summary-as.html">THIS...</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Have a look at <a href="http://youtu.be/QG56sFoNNa8">this....</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Then look at <a href="http://youtu.be/CNvKmlvacNk">this...</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-60308272727065430462011-05-17T23:53:00.001+01:002011-05-17T23:56:00.822+01:00Indigo, Jack (P) and Tom - SaturdayRead <a href="http://kristianseconomics.blogspot.com/2009/10/chapter-6-summary.html">this.....</a><br /><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><br /><iframe width="450" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/DWu7w-j6AHY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8621551713850027067.post-84782756272080838482011-05-17T23:49:00.002+01:002011-05-17T23:53:36.980+01:00Indigo, Jack (P) and Tom - Friday<iframe width="450" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/oW6E25NODHE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><br /><br /><div><br /></div><div>Also watch <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CjNlyiDAno&feature=related">this:</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CjNlyiDAno&feature=related"></a><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><iframe width="450" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/kQnAmjo1RYw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br /><iframe width="450" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/F8bcZYkZXrY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0